1. 5`& electronegativity- 5` refers to when a DNA is bonding with RNA. It’s similar to electronegativity because electronegativity attracts electrons toward itself and form negative ions. DNA attaches to RNA by using PO3.
2. Start codon& incomplete dominance- Start Codon is a triplet of nucleotides on a messenger RNA molecule at which the process of translation is initiated. In eukaryotes the start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine; in bacteria, the start codon can be either AUG or GUG, which code for valine. It is related to incomplete dominance because either code might be express, or just a mixture of each others.
3. Semiconservative & Barr Body- Semiconservative is a method by which DNA is replicated in all known cells. It is related to Barr Body because Barr Body is a structure consists of a condensed X chromosome that is found in nondividing nuclei of female mammals. They are relating to each others because they are all trying to divide cells.
4. RNA Polymerase & nucleolus- RNA polymerase is an enzyme that produces RNA. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses. It is related to nucleolus because in nucleolus consists of small dense round body within the nucleus of nondividing eukaryotic cell that is the site of ribosome assembly.
5. DNA Polymerase & glycosidic linkage- A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides in to a DNA strand. It’s related to glycosidic linkage because in glycosidic linkage it links between the monosaccharide units of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. DNA polymerase is the linkage of many different DNA together.
6. Helicase & G2 karyotype- Helicases are class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. G2 Karyotype is essentials to living organisms as well because if we lack one pairs of G2 karyotype, we will not be able to survive.
A few essentials to take away from these sections
1. First, a parent DNA molecule with two complementary strands of base-paired nucleotides. Second, Replication starts, and the strands unwind and move apart from each other at specific sites along the molecule’s length. Third, each strand will attach to the new bases. Bases positioned on each old strand are joined together as a new strand.
2. Even though many people think that DNA and RNA are very similar to each others, they have very different characteristics. In DNA, it has 2 strands; it contains Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine; and it serves as a recipe and codes for proteins. In RNA, it has 1 stand; it still contains Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, but not Cytosine. Instead, Uracil replaces Cytosine. Its function is to assist DNA to code for proteins.
3. The three most important types of RNA are: messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. Each of them has different functions. In messenger RNA, it carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In transfer RNA, it brings amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis. Lastly, in ribosomal RNA, it guides the translation of mRNA into a protein.
Transcription- During transcription, only parts of the unwound is used as a template stands. RNA polymerase adds ribonucleotides one at a time to the end of a growing strand of RNA. A promoter is a start signal to code for proteins, a base sequence in DNA to which RNA polymerases bind and prepare for transcription.
RNA Splicing- Exons and introns are protein coding base sequences that are interrupted by noncoding sequences. Either all exons are retained in a mature mRNA transcript or some are removed and the rest are spliced together in various combinations.
Translation- The process in living cells in which the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA in the form of a sequence of nucleotides triplets, which is also referred to as codons, is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain during photosynthesis. Molecules of transfer RNA, each bearing a particular amino acid, are brought to their correct positions along the mRNA molecule. It occurs between the bases of the codons and the complementary base triplets of tRNA, which is referred to as anticodon. In this way, amino acids are assembled in the correct sequence to form polypeptide chain, referred to as elongation.
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